Holika Dahan, also known as Holika Bonfire or Choti Holi, is a significant ritual observed on the eve of Holi, usually on the night of the full moon day of the Hindu lunar month of Phalguna, which precedes the main day of Holi. This ritual holds great cultural and religious importance in Hinduism and marks the victory of good over evil.
The name “Holika Dahan” is derived from the demoness Holika, who plays a central role in the associated legend. According to Hindu mythology, Holika was the sister of the demon king Hiranyakashipu. When Hiranyakashipu’s son, Prahlad, defied him and remained devoted to Lord Vishnu, the enraged king attempted to kill Prahlada several times. One of his schemes involved Holika, who had a boon granting her immunity to fire.
Hiranyakashipu conspired with Holika to trick Prahlad into sitting on her lap in a pyre, while she would wear a cloak to protect herself from the fire. However, due to Prahlad’s unwavering devotion and Lord Vishnu’s protection, he emerged unharmed from the flames, while Holik, despite her immunity, was consumed by the fire and perished. This event symbolizes the victory of devotion and righteousness over evil.
The ritual of Holika Dahan commemorates this legend. People gather combustible materials such as wood, twigs, and dried leaves to build a bonfire in public spaces or within communities. Effigies representing Holika are often placed on top of the pyre. As the night falls, prayers are offered, hymns are sung, and the bonfire is lit with great reverence.
The bonfire symbolizes the burning of negativity, impurities, and the triumph of good over evil. It is believed that the heat and smoke from the fire have purifying and sanctifying effects, both physically and spiritually. People circle around the fire, offering prayers, seeking blessings, and celebrating the victory of righteousness.
Holika Dahan before Holi falls on Purnima in Phalgun. It also serves as a precursor to the colorful festivities of Holi, which take place the following day. It brings communities together in a spirit of joy, unity, and celebration, while also reminding them of the significance of moral values and righteousness in their lives.
