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Bhagvad Gita Chapter-17

This chapter explains Krushna’s model for the nature of all three Gunas. It is often known as Shraddhatray Vibhag Yog or The Yoga of the Threefold Faith, and it is divided into 28 verses.

Arjun questions out of curiosity, which guna dominates in a man who worships with faith but denies the scriptures?

Krushna explains three divisions of faith, thoughts, actions, and charity in context with sattva, rajas, and tamas Gunas to answer this question. He talks about the phrase ‘Om Tat Sat.’ Om is a sacred sound that stands for the supreme, Tat is used for seeking liberation selflessly to the world and Sat means absolute truth is the objective of all devotion.

Chapter 17 of the Bhagavad Gita, titled “Shraddhatraya-Vibhaga Yoga,” elaborates on the nature of faith (Shraddha) and how it manifests through the three Gunas (qualities): Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas. This chapter, comprising 28 verses, provides a detailed analysis of how these Gunas influence human behavior, spirituality, and daily practices.

Key Themes and Concepts

  1. Nature of Faith (Verses 1-4):
    • Arjun inquires about the faith of those who perform sacrifices with faith but without following scriptural injunctions.
    • Krushna explains that faith is shaped by the individual’s inherent nature, which is influenced by the three Gunas.
    • People with Sattvic faith worship gods and divine beings, those with Rajasic faith worship demigods and powerful entities, and those with Tamasic faith worship spirits and ghosts.
  2. Three Types of Food (Verses 7-10):
    • Sattvic Food: Increases life, purity, strength, health, joy, and cheerfulness. It is fresh, wholesome, and naturally agreeable.
    • Rajasic Food: Is excessively bitter, sour, salty, hot, pungent, dry, and burning. It causes pain, grief, and disease.
    • Tamasic Food: Is stale, tasteless, putrid, rotten, and impure, leading to discomfort and lethargy.
  3. Three Types of Sacrifice (Yajna) (Verses 11-13):
    • Sattvic Sacrifice: Performed according to scriptural rules, without expecting any reward, and done as a duty.
    • Rajasic Sacrifice: Conducted with an aim for some benefit or for show, desiring fruits in return.
    • Tamasic Sacrifice: Done without regard for rules, without offering food or prayers, and devoid of faith.
  4. Three Types of Austerity (Tapas) (Verses 14-19):
    • Austerity of the Body: Worship of deities, Brahmins, teachers, and wise ones, maintaining purity, honesty, celibacy, and non-violence.
    • Austerity of Speech: Speaking truthfully, inoffensively, and beneficially, studying scriptures, and reciting the divine name.
    • Austerity of the Mind: Serenity, gentleness, silence, self-control, and purity of thoughts.
    • Sattvic Austerity: Practiced with deep faith, without expecting anything in return, and aimed at self-discipline.
    • Rajasic Austerity: Performed for gaining respect, honor, and reverence, with a motive for recognition.
    • Tamasic Austerity: Done out of a deluded notion, causing self-torture or intending to harm others.
  5. Three Types of Charity (Dana) (Verses 20-22):
    • Sattvic Charity: Given selflessly to the right person, at the proper time and place, without expecting anything in return.
    • Rajasic Charity: Given with reluctance or with the hope of receiving something in return or for gaining recognition.
    • Tamasic Charity: Given at an improper place and time, to unworthy recipients, and without proper respect or with disdain.
  6. The Power of Om Tat Sat (Verses 23-28):
    • Om Tat Sat: These three words represent the eternal essence and reality.
    • Om: Used at the beginning of sacrifices, denoting the Supreme Truth.
    • Tat: Indicates that actions and offerings are meant for the Supreme, beyond personal gain.
    • Sat: Signifies truth and goodness, used to affirm the reality and righteousness of actions.
    • Actions done with the invocation of these words align with the divine and are purified, whereas actions without faith (even if outwardly religious) lack spiritual merit.

Summary

Chapter 17 of the Bhagavad Gita, through its 28 verses, elucidates how the nature of faith and associated practices like food, sacrifice, austerity, and charity are categorized according to the three Gunas: Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas. Understanding these distinctions helps individuals align their actions with higher spiritual principles, promoting purity of mind and soul, ultimately leading to spiritual growth and liberation. Any worship, charity, or penance performed without faith in the supreme is called ‘Asat’ in Sanskrit, which means unreal.

 


 

।। अथ सप्तदशोऽध्यायः ।।

अर्जुन उवाच ।

ये शास्त्रविधिमुत्सृज्य यजन्ते श्रद्धयान्विताः ।
तेषां निष्ठा तु का कृष्ण सत्त्वमाहो रजस्तमः ॥ १७-१ ॥

श्रीभगवानुवाच ।

त्रिविधा भवति श्रद्धा देहिनां सा स्वभावजा ।
सात्त्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति तां शृणु ॥ १७-२ ॥

सत्त्वानुरूपा सर्वस्य श्रद्धा भवति भारत ।
श्रद्धामयोऽयं पुरुषो यो यच्छ्रद्धः स एव सः ॥ १७-३ ॥

यजन्ते सात्त्विका देवान्यक्षरक्षांसि राजसाः ।
प्रेतान्भूतगणांश्चान्ये यजन्ते तामसा जनाः ॥ १७-४ ॥

अशास्त्रविहितं घोरं तप्यन्ते ये तपो जनाः ।
दम्भाहङ्कारसंयुक्ताः कामरागबलान्विताः ॥ १७-५ ॥

कर्षयन्तः शरीरस्थं भूतग्राममचेतसः ।
मां चैवान्तःशरीरस्थं तान्विद्ध्यासुरनिश्चयान् ॥ १७-६ ॥

आहारस्त्वपि सर्वस्य त्रिविधो भवति प्रियः ।
यज्ञस्तपस्तथा दानं तेषां भेदमिमं शृणु ॥ १७-७ ॥

आयुःसत्त्वबलारोग्यसुखप्रीतिविवर्धनाः ।
रस्याः स्निग्धाः स्थिरा हृद्या आहाराः सात्त्विकप्रियाः ॥ १७-८ ॥

कट्वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः ।
आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः ॥ १७-९ ॥

यातयामं गतरसं पूति पर्युषितं च यत् ।
उच्छिष्टमपि चामेध्यं भोजनं तामसप्रियम् ॥ १७-१० ॥

अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्यज्ञो विधिदृष्टो य इज्यते ।
यष्टव्यमेवेति मनः समाधाय स सात्त्विकः ॥ १७-११ ॥

अभिसन्धाय तु फलं दम्भार्थमपि चैव यत् ।
इज्यते भरतश्रेष्ठ तं यज्ञं विद्धि राजसम् ॥ १७-१२ ॥

विधिहीनमसृष्टान्नं मन्त्रहीनमदक्षिणम् ।
श्रद्धाविरहितं यज्ञं तामसं परिचक्षते ॥ १७-१३ ॥

देवद्विजगुरुप्राज्ञपूजनं शौचमार्जवम् ।
ब्रह्मचर्यमहिंसा च शारीरं तप उच्यते ॥ १७-१४ ॥

अनुद्वेगकरं वाक्यं सत्यं प्रियहितं च यत् ।
स्वाध्यायाभ्यसनं चैव वाङ्मयं तप उच्यते ॥ १७-१५ ॥

मनः प्रसादः सौम्यत्वं मौनमात्मविनिग्रहः ।
भावसंशुद्धिरित्येतत्तपो मानसमुच्यते ॥ १७-१६ ॥

श्रद्धया परया तप्तं तपस्तत्त्रिविधं नरैः ।
अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्युक्तैः सात्त्विकं परिचक्षते ॥ १७-१७ ॥

सत्कारमानपूजार्थं तपो दम्भेन चैव यत् ।
क्रियते तदिह प्रोक्तं राजसं चलमध्रुवम् ॥ १७-१८ ॥

मूढग्राहेणात्मनो यत्पीडया क्रियते तपः ।
परस्योत्सादनार्थं वा तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥ १७-१९ ॥

दातव्यमिति यद्दानं दीयतेऽनुपकारिणे ।
देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम् ॥ १७-२० ॥

यत्तु प्रत्युपकारार्थं फलमुद्दिश्य वा पुनः ।
दीयते च परिक्लिष्टं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥ १७-२१ ॥

अदेशकाले यद्दानमपात्रेभ्यश्च दीयते ।
असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥ १७-२२ ॥

ॐतत्सदिति निर्देशो ब्रह्मणस्त्रिविधः स्मृतः ।
ब्राह्मणास्तेन वेदाश्च यज्ञाश्च विहिताः पुरा ॥ १७-२३ ॥

तस्मादोमित्युदाहृत्य यज्ञदानतपःक्रियाः ।
प्रवर्तन्ते विधानोक्ताः सततं ब्रह्मवादिनाम् ॥ १७-२४ ॥

तदित्यनभिसन्धाय फलं यज्ञतपःक्रियाः ।
दानक्रियाश्च विविधाः क्रियन्ते मोक्षकाङ्क्षिभिः ॥ १७-२५ ॥

सद्भावे साधुभावे च सदित्येतत्प्रयुज्यते ।
प्रशस्ते कर्मणि तथा सच्छब्दः पार्थ युज्यते ॥ १७-२६ ॥

यज्ञे तपसि दाने च स्थितिः सदिति चोच्यते ।
कर्म चैव तदर्थीयं सदित्येवाभिधीयते ॥ १७-२७ ॥

अश्रद्धया हुतं दत्तं तपस्तप्तं कृतं च यत् ।
असदित्युच्यते पार्थ न च तत्प्रेत्य नो इह ॥ १७-२८ ॥

ॐ तत्सदिति श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतासूपनिषत्सु
ब्रह्मविद्यायां योगशास्त्रे श्रीकृष्णार्जुनसंवादे
श्रद्धात्रयविभागयोगो नाम सप्तदशोऽध्यायः ॥ १७ ॥

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