Ashadha Purnima, also known as Guru Purnima, is an auspicious day celebrated in Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist traditions. It falls on the full moon day (Purnima) in the Hindu lunar month of Ashadha, which typically corresponds to the months of June or July in the Gregorian calendar.

This day holds great significance as it is dedicated to honoring and expressing gratitude towards spiritual teachers, mentors, and guides. The word “Guru” means “teacher” or “spiritual guide” in Sanskrit. Therefore, Guru Purnima is a day to pay homage to one’s gurus, who play a crucial role in imparting knowledge, wisdom, and spiritual guidance.

Ashadha Purnima, the full moon day in the Hindu lunar month of Ashadha, holds several significances in Hindu culture and spirituality:

1. Guru Purnima: As mentioned earlier, Ashadha Purnima is commonly known as Guru Purnima, a day dedicated to honoring and expressing gratitude towards spiritual teachers, mentors, and guides (gurus). It is considered an auspicious occasion to pay homage to those who have imparted knowledge, wisdom, and spiritual guidance.
2. Vyasa Puja: In addition to honoring living gurus, Ashadha Purnima is also celebrated as Vyasa Puja, commemorating the birth anniversary of Sage Vyasa. Sage Vyasa is revered as one of the greatest sages in Hindu tradition, credited with compiling the Vedas, writing the Mahabharat, and authoring numerous other sacred texts. His contribution to the preservation and dissemination of knowledge is revered on this day.
3. Association with Lord Shiv: In certain regions of India, Ashadha Purnima is associated with Lord Shiv, one of the principal deities in Hinduism. It is believed to be the day when Lord Shiv, as Adiyogi or the first guru, transmitted the knowledge of yoga to the Saptarishis (seven sages) in what is known as the Guru Purnima incident. Therefore, Ashadha Purnima holds special significance for devotees of Lord Shiv, who may observe fasts, perform rituals, and visit temples dedicated to him on this day.
4. Beginning of Chaturmas: Ashadha Purnima marks the beginning of the auspicious period known as Chaturmas, which spans four months in the Hindu lunar calendar. During Chaturmas, traditionally, sannyasins (renunciants) and sadhus (ascetics) stay in one place to intensify their spiritual practices, such as study, meditation, and austerities. It is believed that the monsoon season provides a conducive environment for deepening spiritual pursuits.
5. Jain Pilgrimage: For the Jain community, Ashadha Purnima holds significance as it marks the conclusion of the annual holy pilgrimage known as Chaumasa. Jain ascetics conclude their period of wandering and settle in one place for the rainy season, following the tradition of Chaturmas.
6. Buddhist Observance: In some Buddhist traditions, Ashadha Purnima is celebrated as Dhamma Day or Asalha Puja, commemorating the Buddha’s first sermon, known as the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, delivered at Deer Park in Sarnath. This sermon marks the beginning of the Buddha’s teachings on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.

Here are some traditional ways to celebrate this auspicious day:

1. Honoring the Guru: The primary aspect of Guru Purnima is paying homage to one’s spiritual teachers and mentors (gurus). You can express your gratitude towards your guru by offering prayers, performing rituals, and seeking their blessings. Visit your guru if possible, or if not, you can offer your prayers and gratitude mentally or through a ritualistic offering at home.
2. Observing Fasts and Vows: Many devotees observe fasts (vrats) on Guru Purnima as a mark of devotion and spiritual discipline. You can choose to abstain from consuming food or certain types of food for the day. Additionally, you may undertake specific vows or resolutions related to your spiritual practices or personal growth.
3. Attending Satsangs or Spiritual Gatherings: Joining satsangs or spiritual gatherings on Guru Purnima is a common practice. These gatherings provide an opportunity to engage in devotional singing, listen to spiritual discourses, and share experiences with fellow seekers. Seek out local satsangs or gatherings organized by spiritual groups or temples.
4. Performing Puja and Offerings: Set up a sacred space in your home or visit a temple to perform puja (worship) dedicated to your guru or chosen deity. Offer flowers, incense, fruits, and other traditional offerings while chanting mantras or reciting prayers. You can also read scriptures or sacred texts relevant to Guru Purnima during the puja.
5. Engaging in Spiritual Practices: Dedicate time on Guru Purnima to deepen your spiritual practices such as meditation, yoga, chanting, or introspection. Reflect on the teachings of your guru and contemplate ways to integrate them into your daily life. Use this day as an opportunity for spiritual renewal and growth.
6. Acts of Charity and Service: Practicing acts of charity and service on Guru Purnima is considered auspicious. Donate to charitable causes, offer food to the needy, or volunteer your time and skills to serve others. This selfless service is a way to honor the spirit of compassion and generosity advocated by gurus.
7. Expressing Gratitude: Take time to express gratitude not only to your guru but also to all those who have contributed to your spiritual journey and personal growth. Offer heartfelt thanks to family members, friends, and mentors who have supported and inspired you along the way.

Remember that the essence of celebrating Ashadha Purnima lies in sincere devotion, self-reflection, and a commitment to spiritual growth. Customize your celebrations according to your beliefs and practices, and let the day serve as a reminder of the importance of the guru-disciple relationship in the pursuit of spiritual enlightenment.