In Hinduism, “Atman” refers to the individual self or soul. It is a central concept in Hindu philosophy and spirituality. The idea of Atman is closely associated with the broader concept of Brahman, which is the ultimate, unchanging reality or cosmic spirit that underlies and unites the diversity of the world.

In Hinduism, the concept of Atman (individual soul) is extensively explored and discussed in the Shruti texts, which are considered the authoritative, revealed scriptures. Key points about Atman in Hinduism:

1. Individual Soul: Atman is considered the eternal and unchanging essence of an individual, distinct from the physical body and the mind. It is often described as eternal, unbounded, and beyond the limitations of time and space.
2. Reincarnation: Hinduism believes in the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsar). According to this belief, Atman undergoes a continuous cycle of reincarnation, moving from one physical body to another until it achieves liberation (moksh).
3. Unity with Brahman: The ultimate goal in Hinduism is to realize the identity between one’s individual Atman and the cosmic Brahman. This realization leads to liberation (moksh), breaking the cycle of reincarnation and achieving a state of eternal bliss.
4. Upanishads: The concept of Atman is expounded in the Upanishads, which are ancient philosophical texts that form the basis of Hindu metaphysics. These texts explore the nature of reality, the self, and the ultimate truth (Brahman).
5. Jnana Yoga: The path of knowledge (Jnana Yoga) is one of the traditional paths to spiritual realization in Hinduism. It involves the contemplation and understanding of the nature of Atman, leading to self-realization and liberation.
6. Yoga and Meditation: Practices like yoga and meditation are also seen as means to understand and realize the true nature of Atman. By calming the mind and turning inward, individuals aim to connect with their inner self and eventually attain union with the universal reality (Brahman).

One can attain Atman by understanding the nature of Atman and its relationship with Brahman is fundamental to many philosophical schools within Hinduism and is a key aspect of the spiritual journey in the Hindu tradition.