This chapter of Bhagavad Gita is known as Daivasur Sampad Vibhag Yog or The Yoga of the Division between the Divine and the Demonic. With elaborative 24 verses, this chapter explains different traits of a person’s divine nature and demonic nature as per Krushna’s perspective.
Krushna says a person with divine traits has the potential to become sage and achieve god. But, at the same time, a person with demonic traits fails to achieve Krushna and gradually sinks down to hell.
He describes modesty, purity, self-awareness, patience, kindness, and love for all living beings, a stable mind with all emotions, truthfulness, courage, and charity are the divine traits. And traits of anger, ego, ignorance, hypocrisy, envy, harshness, and violence are of demonic nature.
Chapter 16 of the Bhagavad Gita, titled “Daivasura-Sampad-Vibhaga Yoga,” explores the distinctions between divine (Daivi) and demonic (Asuri) qualities in human nature. Through 24 verses, Lord Krushna elaborates on the traits that characterize individuals of divine and demonic natures, guiding Arjuna on the path of righteousness.
Key Themes and Concepts
- Divine Qualities (Verses 1-3):
- Krushna lists the attributes of those endowed with a divine nature, which include:
- Fearlessness (Abhayam)
- Purity of heart (Sattva-samshuddhih)
- Steadfastness in knowledge and yoga (Jnana-yoga-vyavasthitih)
- Charity (Dana)
- Self-control (Dama)
- Sacrifice (Yajna)
- Study of sacred texts (Svadhyaya)
- Austerity (Tapas)
- Uprightness (Arjavam)
- Non-violence (Ahimsa)
- Truthfulness (Satyam)
- Absence of anger (Akrodhah)
- Renunciation (Tyaga)
- Peacefulness (Shantih)
- Absence of slander (Apaisunam)
- Compassion for all beings (Daya)
- Freedom from covetousness (Aloluptvam)
- Gentleness (Mardavam)
- Modesty (Hrih)
- Steadiness (Acapalam)
- Vigor (Tejas)
- Forgiveness (Ksama)
- Fortitude (Dhrti)
- Cleanliness (Saucam)
- Absence of envy (Adroha)
- Absence of pride (Natimanita)
- Krushna lists the attributes of those endowed with a divine nature, which include:
- Demonic Qualities (Verses 4-20):
- In contrast, Krushna describes the qualities of those with a demonic nature, which include:
- Hypocrisy (Dambhah)
- Arrogance (Darpah)
- Self-conceit (Abhimanah)
- Anger (Krodhah)
- Harshness (Parushyam)
- Ignorance (Ajnanam)
- Demonic individuals are driven by insatiable desires, greed, and pride. They lack purity, proper conduct, and truthfulness.
- They engage in harmful actions, driven by ego and delusion, without regard for moral or ethical considerations.
- Such individuals deny the existence of any higher moral order or divine presence, seeing the world as a product of chance and materialism.
- In contrast, Krushna describes the qualities of those with a demonic nature, which include:
- Consequences of Demonic Nature (Verses 16-20):
- Those with demonic traits fall deeper into delusion and suffer in the cycle of birth and death (samsar).
- They experience endless cycles of suffering due to their attachment to desires and ignorance.
- Krushna warns that individuals who persist in demonic behavior face degradation and unfavorable rebirths.
- Path to Liberation (Verses 21-24):
- Krishna identifies three gates to hell: lust (Kama), anger (Krodh), and greed (Lobha). These must be renounced to achieve liberation.
- He advises following the scriptures and living a disciplined life to cultivate divine qualities and attain the ultimate goal of moksh (liberation).
- Krushna emphasizes the importance of shunning demonic tendencies and embracing divine virtues to progress spiritually and achieve lasting peace and happiness.
Summary
Chapter 16 of the Bhagavad Gita, with its 24 verses, delineates the clear distinction between divine and demonic qualities, offering a roadmap for righteous living. Krishna’s discourse underscores the significance of cultivating divine attributes such as fearlessness, purity, and compassion while warning against the perils of demonic traits like arrogance, greed, and hypocrisy. By adhering to divine qualities and avoiding the gates to hell—lust, anger, and greed—individuals can purify their lives, align with dharma (righteousness), and ultimately attain liberation. This chapter serves as a moral and ethical guide, encouraging a life of virtue and spiritual growth. To conclude, this chapter can be considered a guidebook of understanding an ideal character development to achieve god.
।। अथ षोडशोऽध्यायः ।।
श्रीभगवानुवाच ।
अभयं सत्त्वसंशुद्धिर्ज्ञानयोगव्यवस्थितिः ।
दानं दमश्च यज्ञश्च स्वाध्यायस्तप आर्जवम् ॥ १६-१ ॥
अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधस्त्यागः शान्तिरपैशुनम् ।
दया भूतेष्वलोलुप्त्वं मार्दवं ह्रीरचापलम् ॥ १६-२ ॥
तेजः क्षमा धृतिः शौचमद्रोहो नातिमानिता ।
भवन्ति सम्पदं दैवीमभिजातस्य भारत ॥ १६-३ ॥
दम्भो दर्पोऽभिमानश्च क्रोधः पारुष्यमेव च ।
अज्ञानं चाभिजातस्य पार्थ सम्पदमासुरीम् ॥ १६-४ ॥
दैवी सम्पद्विमोक्षाय निबन्धायासुरी मता ।
मा शुचः सम्पदं दैवीमभिजातोऽसि पाण्डव ॥ १६-५ ॥
द्वौ भूतसर्गौ लोकेऽस्मिन्दैव आसुर एव च ।
दैवो विस्तरशः प्रोक्त आसुरं पार्थ मे शृणु ॥ १६-६ ॥
प्रवृत्तिं च निवृत्तिं च जना न विदुरासुराः ।
न शौचं नापि चाचारो न सत्यं तेषु विद्यते ॥ १६-७ ॥
असत्यमप्रतिष्ठं ते जगदाहुरनीश्वरम् ।
अपरस्परसम्भूतं किमन्यत्कामहैतुकम् ॥ १६-८ ॥
एतां दृष्टिमवष्टभ्य नष्टात्मानोऽल्पबुद्धयः ।
प्रभवन्त्युग्रकर्माणः क्षयाय जगतोऽहिताः ॥ १६-९ ॥
काममाश्रित्य दुष्पूरं दम्भमानमदान्विताः ।
मोहाद्गृहीत्वासद्ग्राहान्प्रवर्तन्तेऽशुचिव्रताः ॥ १६-१० ॥
चिन्तामपरिमेयां च प्रलयान्तामुपाश्रिताः ।
कामोपभोगपरमा एतावदिति निश्चिताः ॥ १६-११ ॥
आशापाशशतैर्बद्धाः कामक्रोधपरायणाः ।
ईहन्ते कामभोगार्थमन्यायेनार्थसञ्चयान् ॥ १६-१२ ॥
इदमद्य मया लब्धमिमं प्राप्स्ये मनोरथम् ।
इदमस्तीदमपि मे भविष्यति पुनर्धनम् ॥ १६-१३ ॥
असौ मया हतः शत्रुर्हनिष्ये चापरानपि ।
ईश्वरोऽहमहं भोगी सिद्धोऽहं बलवान्सुखी ॥ १६-१४ ॥
आढ्योऽभिजनवानस्मि कोऽन्योऽस्ति सदृशो मया ।
यक्ष्ये दास्यामि मोदिष्य इत्यज्ञानविमोहिताः ॥ १६-१५ ॥
अनेकचित्तविभ्रान्ता मोहजालसमावृताः ।
प्रसक्ताः कामभोगेषु पतन्ति नरकेऽशुचौ ॥ १६-१६ ॥
आत्मसम्भाविताः स्तब्धा धनमानमदान्विताः ।
यजन्ते नामयज्ञैस्ते दम्भेनाविधिपूर्वकम् ॥ १६-१७ ॥
अहङ्कारं बलं दर्पं कामं क्रोधं च संश्रिताः ।
मामात्मपरदेहेषु प्रद्विषन्तोऽभ्यसूयकाः ॥ १६-१८ ॥
तानहं द्विषतः क्रूरान्संसारेषु नराधमान् ।
क्षिपाम्यजस्रमशुभानासुरीष्वेव योनिषु ॥ १६-१९ ॥
आसुरीं योनिमापन्ना मूढा जन्मनि जन्मनि ।
मामप्राप्यैव कौन्तेय ततो यान्त्यधमां गतिम् ॥ १६-२० ॥
त्रिविधं नरकस्येदं द्वारं नाशनमात्मनः ।
कामः क्रोधस्तथा लोभस्तस्मादेतत्त्रयं त्यजेत् ॥ १६-२१ ॥
एतैर्विमुक्तः कौन्तेय तमोद्वारैस्त्रिभिर्नरः ।
आचरत्यात्मनः श्रेयस्ततो याति परां गतिम् ॥ १६-२२ ॥
यः शास्त्रविधिमुत्सृज्य वर्तते कामकारतः ।
न स सिद्धिमवाप्नोति न सुखं न परां गतिम् ॥ १६-२३ ॥
तस्माच्छास्त्रं प्रमाणं ते कार्याकार्यव्यवस्थितौ ।
ज्ञात्वा शास्त्रविधानोक्तं कर्म कर्तुमिहार्हसि ॥ १६-२४ ॥
ॐ तत्सदिति श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतासूपनिषत्सु
ब्रह्मविद्यायां योगशास्त्रे श्रीकृष्णार्जुनसंवादे
दैवासुरसम्पद्विभागयोगो नाम षोडशोऽध्यायः ॥ १६ ॥