The phrase “33 Koti Devatas” can be understood as referring to various categories or types of divine beings rather than a specific count of 33 crore deities. The 12 Adityas are one of these categories within the broader concept of the 33 Koti Devatas. The concept of the “Adityas” refer to a group of solar deities, often numbering twelve.
The term “Aditya” is derived from “Aditi,” the mother of these deities and the personification of infinity and motherhood. The Adityas are considered manifestations or aspects of the Sun god, Surya, and they are associated with various solar qualities and attributes. Here is a list of the twelve Adityas:
- Indra: Indra is the king of the gods and is associated with thunder, rain, and celestial power.
- Dhata: Dhata is the deity of creation and is often depicted as a cosmic architect or craftsman.
- Aryama: Aryama is associated with contracts, oaths, and the principles of Dharma (righteousness).
- Twashtri: Twashtri is the divine artisan and architect, responsible for creating and shaping things.
- Varuna: Varuna is the god of cosmic order, morality, and the keeper of cosmic law.
- Mitras: Mitras represents friendship, compassion, and partnership. He is often associated with agreements and alliances.
- Pushan: Pushan is the god of nourishment, prosperity, and the guardian of travelers and herds.
- Bhaga: Bhaga is associated with wealth, fortune, and prosperity. He represents the divine share or portion.
- Vivasvan: Vivasvan is considered the solar deity, and he is often identified with the Sun god Surya.
- Savitri: Savitri is a goddess associated with the life-giving power of the Sun and is often invoked in Vedic rituals.
- Amshuman: Amshuman is linked to the concept of time and its continuous flow.
- Varchas: Varchas is associated with radiance, light, and brilliance.
It’s important to note that the list and attributes of the Adityas can vary slightly in different texts and traditions. These deities are part of the broader framework of the “33 Koti Devatas,” which represents the diverse range of divine entities in Hinduism.